St.Peter's castle in Bodrum, Turkey; originally: Zamek
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
st.Peter's castle in Bodrum, Turkey; originally: Zamek św. Piotra w Bodrum, TurcjaDate originally uploaded on 21:02, 11 sie 2005
st.Peter's castle in Bodrum, Turkey; originally: Zamek św. Piotra w Bodrum, TurcjaDate originally uploaded on 21:02, 11 sie 2005
Author Mykenik (wiki:pl)
16
Sir William PARR
Born - England - Kendal Castle, Westmorland 1434
Died - England - Parr, Prescot, Lancashire 1483-1484
Elizabeth FITZHUGH
Born - 1465
Died - England - Harrowden, Northampton - 28 FEB 1512
Updated: 2007-12-12 09:45:19 UTC (Wed) Contact: betty van woert
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Maria Jerusha Nourse:
http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3323727&id=I2264
Saturday, July 25, 2009
"Ravensworth Castle was the home of the Fitzhugh family. Built in the 14th century out
of sandstone, the castle was used as a quarry by the inhabitants of Ravensworth
Village when it was abandoned in the 15th century. Around the top of the tower runs the
latin inscription: Chrs dns ihs via fons et origo, alpha et omega (Christ, Lord Jesus, the
way, the fountain-head and the source, the beginning and the end) Kirby Hill Church in
the background."
File:Ravensworth Castle.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Date Saturday, 18 March, 2006
Source Geograph http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/138470
Author Hugh Mortimer
17of sandstone, the castle was used as a quarry by the inhabitants of Ravensworth
Village when it was abandoned in the 15th century. Around the top of the tower runs the
latin inscription: Chrs dns ihs via fons et origo, alpha et omega (Christ, Lord Jesus, the
way, the fountain-head and the source, the beginning and the end) Kirby Hill Church in
the background."
File:Ravensworth Castle.jpg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Date Saturday, 18 March, 2006
Source Geograph http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/138470
Author Hugh Mortimer
"Henry Fitz-Hugh, 5th baron, b. 1430, summoned to parliament from 26 May, 1455, to 15 October,
1470. His lordshoip obtained, in 38th Henry VI [1460], a grant of the stewardship of the honour of
Richmond, and also of the office of chief forester of the new forest of Arkilgarth-Dale, and Le
Hoppe, then escheated to the king by the forfeiture of Richard, Earl of Salisbury, to hold for life.
During the reign of King Henry VI, Lord Fitz-Hugh remained firmly attached to the Lancastrian
interest, but he seems nevertheless to have successfully cultivated the good opinion of King
Edward IV, the champion of York, for we find his lordship, soon after the accession of that monarch
[1547], employed in his military capacity, and as a diplomatist. In 1468 he made a pilgrimage to the
Holy Sepulchre, and upon his return founded a chantry for two priests in his castle at Ravenswath,
there to celebrate divine service for himself and Alice during their lives, and for the health of their
souls after their decease. His lordship m. Lady Alice Neville, dau. of Richard, Earl of Salisbury, and
had issue, I. Richard his successor; II. Thomas, d. s. p.; III. John, d. s. p.; IV. George, d. s. p.; V.
Edward, d. s. p.; I. Alice, m. to Sir John Fienes, Knt., and was mother of Thomas, Lord Dacre; II.
Elizabeth, m. 1st to Sir William Parr, Knt., and had (with William, created Lord Parr, of Horton), Sir
Thomas Paar, who m. Maud, dau. and co-heir of Sir Thomas Green, Knt., of Horton, and had one
son and two days, viz. 1. William Parr, Marquess of Northampton, d. s. p.; 1. Anne Parr, m. to
William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke; 2. Catherine Parr, m. 1st to Edward Borough; 2ndly to John
Neville, Lord Latimer; 3rdly, to
King Henry VIII; and 4thly, to Thomas, Lord Seymour, of Sudley, but d. s. p. Elizabeth FitzHugh m.
2ndly, Nicholas, Lord Vaux. Henry, 5th Baron Fitz-Hugh, d. in
1472, as was s. by his only son, Richard Fitz-Hugh, 6th baron. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant,
Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, pp. 207-8,
FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh]"
"Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by
Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999 Page: 219-35 Title: Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition,
Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999 Page: 750 Title: The Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick
Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Sheppard Jr, 5th Edition, 1999 Page: 94-11 age 23+ in 1452"
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
18
"Sir William Fitz-Hugh, 4th baron, b. 1398, summoned to parliament from 12 July, 1429, to 5
September, 1450. This nobleman attained distinction in the lifetime of his father in the French
wars, and after his accession to the title, he was in commission (11th Henry VI) [1433] to treat with
the commissioners of King James I, of Scotland, regarding compensation for injuries inflicted by
the Scots upon the English. In two years afterwards his lordship was joined with the Earls of
Northumberland and Westmoreland, and the great northern Lords Dacre, Clifford, Greystoke, and
Latimer, to repeal an irruption of the Scots. Lord Fitz-Hugh m. Margery, dau. of William, Lord
Willoughby de Eresby, and had issue, Henry, his successor; Margery, m. to Sir John Melton, Knt., of
Aston; Joane, m. to John, Lord Scrope, of Bolton; Eleanor, m. to Thomas, Lord Dacre; Maud, m. to
William Bowes; Lora, m. 1st, to John Musgrave, and 2ndly, to John Constable, of Halsham; Lucy, a
nun at Depford; and Elizabeth, m. Ralph, Lord Greystock. His lordship d. in 1452, and was s. by his
son, Henry Fitz-Hugh, 5th baron. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct
Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England,
1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh]"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
19
"Henry Fitz-Hugh, 4th baron, summoned to parliament from 17 December, 1387, to 1 September,
1423. This nobleman attained great eminence in the reigns of Henry IV and Henry V. In the
beginning of the former, we find his lordship included in a commission to negotiated a truce with
Scotland, and afterwards to accomplish a league of amity between the two crowns (of England and
Scotland). In the 8th Henry IV [1407], he was accredited upon an important mission to Denmark,
and in five
years afterwards he was again a commissioner upon the affairs of Scotland. On the coronation of
King Henry V [1413], Lord Fitz-Hugh was appointed constable of England for that solemnity, and
the next year he obtained a grant from the crown of £100 per annum. He was afterwards lord
chamberlain of the king's household and assisted at the council of Constance, for which, and his
other eminent services, he had a grant of all the lands which had belonged to the attainted Henry,
Lord
Scrope, of Masham, lying in Richmondshire, to hold during the term that those lands should
continue in the king;s hands, and upon the surrender of that grant in
the same year, he had another grant for life of the manors of Masham, Clifton, Burton-Constable,
and ten others, likewise part of the possessions of the aforesaid Lord Scrope. From the 5th to the
9th Henry V [1418-1422], his lordship was uninterruptedly engaged in the French wars, during
which period he was at the siege of Roan with the Duke of Exeter. It is further reported of Lord Fitz-
Hugh that he travelled more than once to Jerusalem, and beyond that celebrated city, to Grand
Cairo, where the souldan
had his residence, and that on his return he fought with the Saracens and Turks. It is also stated
that by the help of the knights of Rhodes, he built a castle there, called
St. Peter's Castle. His lordship m. Elizabeth, dau. and heir of Sir Robert Grey, Knt., son of John,
Lord Grey of Rotherfield, by Avice, sister and co-heir of Robert, Lord Marmion, by whom he had,
with other issue, Henry, drowned; John, d. young; William, his successor; Geffrey; Robert, in hold
orders, bishop of London; Ralph, d. in France; Herbert; Richard, d. young; Joane, m. to Sir Robert
Willoughby, Lord Willoughby de Eresby; Eleanor, m. 1st to Philip D'Arcy, and 2ndly, to Thomas
Tunstal; Maud, m. to Sir William Eure, ancestor of the Lords Eure; Laura, m. to Sir Maurice
Berkeley, Knit., of Beverstone; Lucy; and Elizabeth, m. to Sir Ralph Grey, Knt., of Northumberland.
Henry, Lord Fitz-Hugh, K.G., d. 11 January, 1424, and was s. by his eldest surviving son, Sir William
Fitz-Hugh, 4th baron. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages,
Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p.207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] Ancestral Roots
of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee
Shippard Jr., 1999 Page: 219-33"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
19
"Knight of the Garter. Served in the French wars with Henry V. In the year 1406 Phillippa, daughter
of Henry IV, was sent to Lund in Sweden to be married to King Eric XIII (b. 1382 - d. 1445), under
whose rule the crowns of Sweden, Denmark and Norway were united. The Princess travelled
under the charge of Henry, third Baron Fitzhugh, who held an important position at the court of
Henry IV; he was made Constable of England at the coronation of Henry V, and seems to have
been on terms of intimacy with both these monarchs. By some means Fitzhugh's attention was
drawn to the monastery of Wadstena, the chronicle of which records his visit to it. He volunteered to
found a branch of the order of St Bridget in England, and promised the gift of a manor, Hinton near
Cambridge, on condition that some of the order took possession of it within three years. In
consequence of Fitzhugh's visit and offer a priest and two deacons professing the order of St
Bridget were elected at Wadstena in 1408, and sent to England. It was by the advice of Fitzhugh
that Henry V about this time devoted manors at Sheen and Isleworth to religious purposes.
Carthusian monks were settled at Sheen, nuns of
St Bridget were settled at Isleworth, and the two settlements were called respectively Bethlehem
and Syon."
FITZHUGH:
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/FITZHUGH.htm#Henry%20FITZHUGH%20(3%C2%B0%20B.%
20Fitzhugh)
Friday, October 10, 2008 Jorge H. Castelli
Monday August 17, 2009
20
"Henry Fitz-Hugh, 3rd baron, summoned to parliament from 4 August, 1377, to 8 August, 1385. His
lordship was engaged in the French wars of King Edward III almost uninterruptedly from the 33rd
to the 43rd of that gallant Monarch's reign [1360-1370]. He m. Joane, dau. of Henr y, Lord Scrope,
of Masham, and had issue, John, slain in the battle of Otterbourne; Henry, successor to his father.
His lordship d. in 1386, as was s. by his only surviving son, Henry FitzHugh, 4th baron. [Sir Bernard
Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England,
1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh]"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
21
"Henry, who d. v. p., leaving issue by his wife, Joane, dau. of Sir Richard Fourneys, and sister and
heiress of William Fourneys, a son, Hugh, m. Isabel, dau. of Ralph, Lord Nevill, and d. s. p.; Henry,
who s. his grandfather. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages,
Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] Complete
Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne,
Sutton Publishing Ltd, 2000 Page: VI: 193"
"Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, by Sir Bernard Burke, Burke's Peerage, Ltd.,
London, England, 1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
22
"Henry Fitz-Hugh, from whom his descendants ever afterwards adopted the surname of Fitz-Hugh.
This Henry was engaged in the Scottish wars from the 3rd to the 8th of Edward II [1310-1315], the
next six years he was constituted, owing to the minority of the Earl of Warwick (whose inheritance it
was), governor of Barnard Castle in the bishopric of Durham; and being again employed in
Scotland, he was summoned to parliament as a baron from 15 May, 1321, to 15 November, 1351.
In 1327, his lordship acquitted Sir Henry Vavasour, Knt., of a debt of 500 marks, by special
instrument under his seal, upon condition that Henry Vavasour, Sir Henry's son, should take to wife
Annabil Fitz-Hugh, his dau. In the 7th, 8th, and 9th Edward III [1334, 1335, and 1336], Lord Fitz-
Hugh was again in arms upon the Scottish soil. His lordship m. Eve, dau. of Sir John Bulmer, Knt.,
and had, besides the dau. already mentioned, a son, Henry, who d.v.p., leaving issue by his wife,
Joane, dau. of Sir Richard Fourneys, and sister and heiress of William Fourneys, a son, Hugh, m.
Isabel, dau. of Ralph, Lord Nevill, and d. s. p.; and Henry, who s. his grandfather. Lord Fitz-Hugh d.
in 1356 and was s. by his
grandson, Henry Fitz-Hugh. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages,
Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] Burke's
Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in- Chief, 1999 Page: 2876 "
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
23
"Hugh Fitz-Henry, summoned to parliament 2nd Edward I [1274] and 29th Edward I [1301], d. 1304,
and was s. by his son, Henry Fitz-Hugh. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct
Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] ugh
fitzHENRY succeeded to Ravensworth and was buried in his church of Romaldkirk, Yorkshire.
Hugh Fitz Henry of Ravensworth, knight, bore for arms “fretty a chief”. Summoned for military
service against the Welsh in 1277 & 1282 & against the Scots from 1291 to 1300, summoned to
military cou ncils in 1287 & 1300. Died at Barwick-on-TeesMarch 12, 1304-05 & buried in his
church of Romaldkirk, Yorkshire. Married Aubrey, widow of Sir William de Steyrigrave. Aubrey was
buried in the Cistercian Abbey of Jervaulx Jan 25, 1302-03. 1. SIR HUGH FITZ HENRY, of
Ravensworth, Fremington, Mickleton, Lartington, Little Leeming, &c., in Richmondshire, Airton in
Craven, Barwick-on-Tees, Dent and Sadbergh in the wapentake of Ewcross, and Staveley in the
liberty of Knaresborough, brother and heir of Randolf FITZ HENRY (who died s.p.), which Randolf
was son and heir of Sir Henry FITZ RANDOLF, of Ravensworth, &c. (who was living 17 January
1257/8). He was summoned for Military Service from 12 December 1276 to 12 March 1300/1 to a
Military Council, 14 June 1287, and to attend the King wherever he might be, 8 June 1294, by writs
directed Hugoni filio Henrici. As Hugo filius Henrici dominus de Raveneswath'. he took part in the
Barons' Letter to the Pope, 12 February 1300/1. He married Aubrey, widow of Sir William DE
STEYNGRAVE, of Stonegrave, co. York (who died s.p. shortly before 26 September 1264). She died
at Hurworth-on-Tees, and was buried, 25 January 1302/3, at JervauIx Abbey. He died at Barwick-on-
Tees 12 March, and was buried 22 March 1304/5 in the Church of Romaldkirk in Richmondshire."
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
24
"Henry Fitz-Randolph d. 1262, and was s. by his son, Randolph Fitz-Henry. [Sir Bernard Burke,
Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England, 1883,
p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] '
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
25
"Randolph Fitz-Henry m. Alice, dau. and heiress of Adam de Staveley, Lord of Staveley, by Alice,
dau. of William de Percy, of Riddel, and dying in 1262, was s. by his elder son, Henry Fitz-
Randolph. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage,
Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] Complete Peerage of England
Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom, by G. E Cokayne, Sutton Publishing Ltd,
2000 Page: V: 393"
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
26
"Henry FITZHERVEY of Ravensworth Born: ABT 1167, Ravensworth, Yorkshire, England Died: BEF
16 May 1212 / 9 Jan 1216
Notes: took the Cross and accompanied King Rich ard to Palestine in 1189-92. He entertained
King John at Ravensworth Castle in 1201, and with horses and arms joined the English army sent
to aid William, King of Scots, in McWilliamís rebellion, 1211."
FITZHUGH:
http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/FITZHUGH.htm
Friday, October 10, 2008 Jorge H. Castelli
Sunday July 10, 2009
27
"Hervey Fitz-Akaris who, being a noble and good knight and much esteemed in his country, gave
consent that Conan, then Earl of Richmond and Brittany, should translate the Abbey of Charity into
the fields at East Wilton, and there place it on the verge of the river Jore, from which it was
thenceforward called Jorevaulx. This Hervey d. circa 1182, and was s. by his son, Henry Fitz-
Hervey. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage,
Ltd., London, England,
1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] Early Yorkshire Families, by Charles Clay, Yorkshire
Archaeological Society 1973 Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by
Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999 Page: 226-26"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
28
"Akaris Fitz-Bardolph, in the 5th of Stephen [1140], founded the Abbey of Fors, co. York, then called
the Abbey of Charity and dying in 1161, was s. by his elder son, Hervey Fitz-Akaris. [Sir Bernard
Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage, Ltd., London, England,
1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh]"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
Updated: 2007-05-27 03:13:12 UTC (Sun) Contact: Holly
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
29
"Although the surname of Fitz-Hugh was not appropriated to this family before the time of Edward
III, it had enjoyed consideration from the period of the Conquest, when its ancestor, Bardolph, was
Lord of Ravensworth, with divers other manors, in Richmondshire. This Bardolph assumed in his
old age the habit of a monk in the Abbey of St. Mary, at York, to which he gave the churches of
Patrick Bromp ton and Ravenswath, in pure alms. He was s. by his son and heir, Akaris Fitz-
Bardolph. [Sir Bernard Burke, Dormant, Abeyant, Forfeited and Extinct Peerages, Burke's Peerage,
Ltd., London, England, 1883, p. 207, FitzHugh, Barons FitzHugh] Early Yorkshire Charters Page:
Vol VI, p 270 Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis,
additions by Walter Lee Shippard Jr., 1999 Page: 226-24 Natural son of Eudes"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
30
"GEOFFREY, DUKE OF BRITTANY, married Hawise, daughter of Richard I, DUKE OFNORMANDY,
and died in 1008, leaving two sons, Alan and Eudon. During their mother's lifetime the two brothers
seem to have been joint rulers of Brittany, but on her death, on 21 February 1034, dissensions
broke out between them; peace was restored by a settlement under which Eudon received a
territory corresponding roughly to the dioceses of Dol, St. Mialo, St. Brieuc and Tréguier, reduced in
the hands of
his successors to the two last-named dioceses, while Alan retained the rest of Brittany. After the
death of Alan in 1040 Eudon seized the government of Brittany to the exclusion of his nephew
Conan, who recovered it in 1057. Eudon died 7 January 1079. He married Orguen, whose
parentage is unknown. [Complete Peerage X:779-81, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)]"
RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Stolp Line:
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
30
"At around eight years of age, Conan II succeeded his father as Duke of Brittany, with the ducal
regency entrusted to Alan's brother Eudes, Count of Penthièvre. [2] However, by the time Conan
reached his majority at age sixteen, around 1048, Eudes of Penthièvre refused to relinquish his
power. During the dynastic conflict between uncle and nephew, Count Hoèl V of Cornwall and
Nantes supported Eudes in suppressing Conan's inheritance. Eudas was Hoèl's brother-in-law
as he was married to
Hoel's sister Agnes of Cornwall. By 1057 Conan captured and imprisoned Eudes of Penthièvre,
with Conan coming to terms with Hoèl of Cornwall later that year"
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Duchy_of_Brittany
Wapedia - Wiki: Duchy of Brittany:
Sunday, August 16, 2009
31
"GEOFFREY, DUKE OF BRITTANY, married Hawise, daughter of Richard I, DUKE OFNORMANDY,
and died in 1008, leaving two sons, Alan and Eudon. During their mother's lifetime the two brothers
seem to have been joint rulers of Brittany, but on her death, on 21 February 1034, dissensions
broke out between them; peace was restored by a settlement under which Eudon received a
territory corresponding roughly to the dioceses of Dol, St. Mialo, St. Brieuc and Tréguier, reduced in
the
hands of his successors to the two last-named dioceses, while Alan retained the rest of Brittany.
After the death of Alan in 1040 Eudon seized the government of Brittany to the exclusion of his
nephew Conan, who recovered it in 1057. Eudon died 7 January 1079. He married Orguen, whose
parentage is unknown. [Complete Peerage X:779-81, (transcribed by Dave Utzinger)] Ancestral
Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th Edition, by Frederick Lewis Weis, additions by Walter Lee
Shippard Jr., 1999 Page: 39-22Text: illegal dau of Richard I Page: 214-22"
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Sunday, August 16, 2009
31
"Dynastic alliance with Normandy
Duke Geoffrey I of Brittany entered into a dynastic alliance with Duke Richard II of Normandy in a
diplomatic double marriage between the two houses by 1003. The church-sanctioned marriage
ceremonies were held at Mont St-Michel on the Breton-Norman border; with Geoffrey I marrying
Hawise, Richard II's sister; and Richard II marrying Judith, Geoffrey I's sister. [1] However, the
death of Geoffrey I in 1008 allowed for Richard II to intervene directly in Brittany during the minority
of his nephew, Alan III,
Duke of Brittany, against rebellious counts who would take advantage of a youthful duke. [1] The
guardianship would be recipicated later when Alan III was named as one of the primary guardians
of William of Normandy, when William's father Robert I, Duke of Normandy went on pilgrimage to
Jerusalem and died while returning in 1035. By designating Alan III as a guardian of William,
Robert I was "involving a close family member who would not compete with his heir". [1]
In his guardianship of Duke William, Duke Alan III was allied with Count Gilbert and Robert,
Archbisop of Normandy, William's uncles. [1] However, when Archbishop Robert died in 1037
instability surfaced. Alan III countered the instability by reinforcing the power of the Norman ducal
house by providing Robert I's two youngest brothers with land and title. [1]However, by October 1,
10 40, Alan III was poisoned to death while besieging a rebel castle in Vimoutiers. Tension
increased in Normandy following Alan III's death, with Count Gilbert dying shortly thereafter. [1] A
rival faction in the guardianship emerged, one that would intervene in Brittany, suppressing Alan
III's heir from claiming his inheritance."
http://wapedia.mobi/en/Duchy_of_Brittany
Wapedia - Wiki: Duchy of Brittany:
Sunday, August 16, 2009
32
"Conan I
Count of Rennes, before 979 (ca. 970?)-992. princeps Britannorum, ca. 990-992.
Conan first appears in the contemporary records in 965×972 (probably about 970), when a papal
letter of John XIII (965-972) names two of the Breton leaders as "Berengarius" and his son
"Conatus" [PL 135, 990; the other two named are Hoel and his brother Guerech], which may
indicate that the rule of Conan and his father overlapped somewhat. On 16 August 979, as
Conanus comes Britanniæ, he was at the court of Eudes, count of Chartres [Cart. S.-Père de
Chartres, 1:66]. In 981, he fought a battle against Guérech, count of Nantes, and his Angevin allies,
which is called the "first" Battle of Conquereuil [Chron. Nantes 118-20; see ibid., 119n.1
for a quote from the Chronicle of Mont Saint-Michel giving the date; see also RHF 9:98]. At about
time of the death of Guérech [see Chron. Nantes 127n.1], count of Nantes, son of Guérech, Conan
assumed the title of princeps Britannorum, a title he held on 28 July 990, when he made a
donation to Mont Saint-Michel [Morice (1742) 1:350-1]. Conan lost his life at the second Battle of
Conquereuil in 992 against count Fulk III Nerra of Anjou [Chron. Nantes 127-32; Rodulfus Glaber
ii, 3 (pp. 30-2); Richer, MGH SS 3: 651].
Date of Birth: Unknown. Place of Birth: Unknown.
Date of Death: 27 June 992. [Chron. S. Michaelis RHF 10:175; Chron. Kemperlegiensi RHF 10:
294] Place of Death: Conquereuil, near Nantes, in the second Battle of
Conquereuil.
Father: Juhel alias Bérenger, fl. ca. 972, count of Rennes. Called a son of Bérenger in a letter of
pope John XIII [PL 135, 990], called a son of Juhel Bérenger in Chronicum S. Michaelis [RHF 10:
175] and numerous Breton sources, occasionally called son of Judicaël Bérenger [e.g., Chronicum
Kemperlegiensi RHF 10:294, which however, refers to Conan's son Geoffroy as "filius Conani filii
Juhaëli Berengarii"]. See the page on Juhel Bérenger for more details.
Mother: Unknown.
Spouse: Ermengarde, d. aft. 992, daughter of Geoffrey I, count of Anjou. Rodulfus Glaber [ii, 3 (pp.
30-1)] states that Conan married a sister of count Foulques of Anjou, the Cronicle of S. Florent
says that Geoffrey was son of Conan by a sister of Foulques [Lobineau (1707), 2: 85], and the
Angevin genealogical collection states that Judith, wife of Richard of Normandy, was the daughter
of Conan by his wife Ermengarde, daughter of Geoffroy of Anjou [Poupardin (1900), 208]. Children:
In addition to his well known children Geoffroy and Judith, Conan had three other well documented
sons, all of whom appear in a charter of Alain III dated 22 March 1026, which mentioned Alain's
father Gaufridus, Conani Curvi filius and Geoffroy's three brothers abbot Catuallonus, bishop
Judicael, and Hurwodius. Although no other wife of Conan other than Ermengarde d'Anjou is
known, only Geoffroy and Judith are clearly documented as her children. MALE Geoffroy I, d. 1008
[Chronicum S. Michaelis, RHF 10:175; Chronicum Kemperlegiensi RHF 10:294], duke of Brittany,
m. Hawise of Normandy.
FEMALE Judith, m. Richard II, duke of Normandy.
MALE Judicaël, died [ides of June, Gall. Christ., 14: 923], in or soon
before 1037, bishop of Vannes, before 992-ca. 1037 [became bishop
during lifetime of father: Cart. Redon 309].
MALE Catuallon, abbot of Redon, 1029-1040 [Abbatum series, in Cart.
Redon, 426].
Charter dated 1018 witnessed by abbot Catuuallon, bishop [Cart. Redon
275-6]; 1021, p. 308; 1037, p. 326
MALE Urvod, living 1026.
Bibliography
Cart. Morbihan = Louis Rozenzweig, Cartulaire General du Morbihan (Vannes, 1895).
Cart. Redon = M. Aurélien de Courson, Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Redon (Collection de documents
inédites sur l'histoire de France, Paris, 1863).
Cart. S.-Père de Chartres = M Guérard, Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint- Père de Chartres, 2 vols.
(Paris, 1840).
Chron. Nantes = René Merlet, ed., La Chronique de Nantes (Paris, 1895). [Pages numbers alone
are citations to the text, page numbers with footnotes indicate comments by Merlet.]
Gall. Christ. = Gallia Christiana.
Lobineau (1707) = Gui Alexis Lobineau, Histoire de Bretagne, 2 vols. (Paris, 1707).
Lot (1907) = Ferdinand Lot, Mélanges d'histoire bretonne (VIe-XIe) siècle) (Paris, 1907).
Marchegay & Salmon (1856) = Paul Marchegay & André Salmon, Chroniques d'Anjou (Paris, 1856).
Morice (1742) = Dom Hyacinthe Morice, Memoires pour servir de preuves à l'histoire
ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne, 3 vols. (Paris, 1742).
Morice (1750) = Dom Hyacinthe Morice, Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne, 3 vols, (Paris,
1750).
Poupardin (1900) = René Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe siècle", Mélanges
d'Archéologie et d'Histoire (Paris, Rome) 20 (1900): 199-208.
RHF = Recueil des historiens des Gaules et de la France.
Rodulfus Glaber = Maurice Prou, ed., Raoul Glaber - les cinq livres de ses histoires (900-1044)
(Paris, 1886).
Villeneuve (1875) = Paul de la Bigne Villeneuve, "Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Georges de
Rennes", Bulletin et Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du Département d'Ille-et-Vilaine 9
(1875), 127-312"
Conan I de Rennes, count of Brittany:
http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/conan000.htm
Compiled by Stewart Baldwin Uploaded 17 December 2005. updated Monday, July
28, 2008 10:22:00 PM
Sunday, August 16, 2009
33
"Juhel [alias] Bérenger
Count of Rennes, before 944-965×979.
Juhel Bérenger, who would perhaps more correctly be called
Juhel alias Bérenger, used the Breton name Juhel (Judhaël)
and the Frankish name Bérenger on various occasions, but he
is usually described in modern accounts by the double name
Juhel Bérenger (and variants). The first certain appearance of
[Juhel] Bérenger in the contemporary sources is in the year
944, when the Bretons were plagued by dissensions among
their leaders Bérenger and Alan during the Norman invasions
[Flodoard, Annales, s.a. 944, 94; van Houts (2000), 48-9; see
the Commentary section below for some supposed earlier
appearances]. Under his Breton name, we find count Judhaël
as a prominent witness to two charters from the cartulary of
Landevenec [Cart. Landevenec 156-8, 164; also in Morice
(1742) 1: 345-6, but with errors (see Cart. Landevenec 201-2,
204-5)], one late in the reign of duke Alain Barbetorte (d. 952),
perhaps about 950, and the other about the same time or a
little later. Not long after Alain Barbetorte's death, count
Thibaut le Tricheur of Blois and Chartres and count Foulques
le Bon of Anjou (who had married Alain's widow, Thibaut's
sister) divided Brittany into spheres of influence, with Thibaut
taking the area ruled by count [Juhel] Bérenger of Rennes and
archbishop Wicohen of Dol [Chr. Nantes 108, naming the count
as Berangarius, Juhael Berengarii (sic), or Juhael Bérenger in
various witnesses to the chronicle], probably before 958, when
count Berengerius was present at an assembly of bishops and
lords at Anjou in 958 which included Thibaut, Foulques, and
some of the same Breton leaders who had witnessed the two
earlier charters [Morice (1742) 1: 346-7]. According to a late
source, count Bérenger came under the domination of
archbishop Wicohen of Dol, and Bérenger's son Conan
released his father and mother from the hands of the
archbishop [Chronicon Briocense, Morice (1742), 1: 33]. A
papal letter of John XIII (965-972), perhaps about 970, names
two of the Breton leaders as Berengarius and his son Conatus
[PL 135: 990; the other two named are Hoel and his brother
Guerech]. He was almost certainly deceased by 16 August 979,
when his son Conan was at the court of count Eudes of
Chartres [Cart. S.-Père de Chartres, 1: 66]. For a discussion of
the evidence that all of these appearances of a count Judhaël
and a count Bérenger refer to the same individual, see the
Commentary section.
Date of Birth: Unknown.
Place of Birth: Unknown.
Date of Death: Still living 965×972, probably deceased by 979.
Place of Death: Unknown.
Possible father: Pascweten, fl. 895×903, son of Alain le Grand.
[Poupardin (1900), 206.] See the Commentary section below
for a detailed discussion of the parentage of Juhel Bérenger.
Mother: Unknown.
See the Commentary section.
Spouse: Unknown.
See the Commentary section.
Children:
Conan I, d. 27 June 992, count of Brittany.
Called a son of Bérenger in a letter of pope John XIII [PL 135,
990], and a son of Juhel Bérenger in Chronicum S. Michaelis
[RHF 10:175] and numerous Breton sources, occasionally
called son of Judicaël Bérenger [e.g., Chronicum
Kemperlegiensi RHF 10:294, which however, refers to Conan's
son Geoffroy as "filius Conani filii Juhaëli Berengarii"].
Commentary
The evidence for count(s) named Juhel/Judhaël and Bérenger
is obscured not only by the scarcity of records, but also by the
apparent use of two names by the same individual, and the
very different ways in which the evidence has been interpreted.
The main scenarios seen in the secondary literature are listed
here for convenience, of which the first three can often be
found on amateur genealogical websites.
Scenario 1. A single tenth century count Juhel Bérenger (father
of Conan) who was a son of a ninth century count also named
Bérenger [Le Baud (2nd redaction), Merlet], with Merlet
identifying the latter with the count Bérenger briefly mentioned
in Frankish sources, and with the count of that name who was
said by Dudo to be the father-in-law of Rollo of Normandy. Le
Baud's first redaction has Juhael surnamed Beranger, with no
parentage suggested, and no earlier Berenger mentioned.
Scenario 2. A single tenth century count Juhel Bérenger (father
of Conan) who was a son of the Breton ruler Judicaël [Lobineau
(1707), Morice (1742), in the genealogical tables at the
beginnings of their histories of Brittany].
Scenario 3. A single tenth century count Juhel Bérenger (father
of Conan) who was a son of Pascweten (son of Alain le Grand)
by a daughter of the ninth century count Bérenger. [Winkhaus
(1950), 49, with no sources cited, but evidently based, perhaps
indirectly, on an attempt reconcile Scenario 1 with the eleventh
century Angevin genealogies in Poupardin (1900); Winkhaus
was followed later by Moriarty, 13-4, and many others].
Scenario 4. Separate tenth century counts Bérenger and his
son Juhel, the latter being father of Conan [Guillotel (1979,
1980, 1984)]. In this scenario, Bérenger is of uncertain
descent, but possibly related to the ninth century Frankish
count Bérenger, with the same Breton and Norman
identifications given by Merlet. This scenario is apparently also
implied by Byrne [Byrne (1976), 490-1], who referred to Conan
as a grandson of Bérenger (in turn called a grandson of
Gurvand, the ninth century Breton co-ruler), who was cited by
Guillotel as one of his sources [Guillotel (1980)].
For comparison, the scenario argued here will be:
Scenario 5. A single tenth century count known as both Juhel
and Bérenger (father of Conan), of uncertain descent, but
possibly a son of Pascweten, son of Alain le Grand. Here, the
existence of a ninth century Breton count Bérenger, or the
supposed Breton connection of the ninth century Frankish
count Bérenger (often called "of Neustria" in modern secondary
sources) is set side as having no good evidence.
Thus, in addition to the usual genealogical questions about
how various individuals were related, there are two very
important questions of identification here, which are heavily
intertwined with the genealogical questions:
1. Do the references to tenth century Breton counts named
Juhel and Bérenger refer to a single individual, or to two
diferent individuals?
2. Is there any evidence for the existence of a ninth century
Breton count named Bérenger, or any evidence that the known
ninth century Frankish count Bérenger had Breton
connections?
The first of these questions is the obvious starting point for
further discussion. The second question, while also of interest
here, is discussed in more detail on the page for the Frankish
count Bérenger. Leaving certain sources that contain mainly
genealogical information for later, let us outline references (or
claimed references) to ninth or tenth century Breton counts
named Juhel or Bérenger which describe events that can either
be dated or can be placed in a historical context.
Appearances of ninth and tenth Breton leaders named
Juhel/Juthaël or Bérenger in the sources
ca. 870: The cartulary of Redon, in a [supposed] charter [mis]
dated 804, states that "Juhel Berenger, consul" [with
"Berenger" correcting an original "Beregen"] gave the island of
Enesmur to St. Salvator of Redon [Cart. Redon 257-8]. The
editor of the cartulary (de Courson) corrects the date to ca.
931, without supplying a reason. However, neither of these two
dates can be correct, because one of the witnesses is lited as
abbot Ritcandus (said to have accepted the donation), and
according to Arthur de la Borderie's study of the chronology of
the cartulary of Redon, every charter in which Ricand appears
as abbot must be dated no earlier than February 867, and no
later than 5 January 871 [de la Borderie (1890), 617-8]. In a list
of abbots published with the Redon cartulary, we have the
statement that count Juhael of Rennes granted the island of
Enesmur in 870 ["Ritcando quoque faverunt alii nobiles,
maxime Juhael Redonum comes, anno 870, Enesmur insulam
concedens", Cart. Redon, 424], and in a late list of donors also
published there, we have a statement which would, taken
literally, make this count Juhel a son of a Bérenger ["Juhael,
Berengarii filius, redonensis comes, Enesmur insulam, ubi
monachilis obedientia staret, anno 870, concessit.", Cart.
Redon, 444]. Thus, even if the charter has a genuine basis, it
is not relevant here, as it would concern a count Juhel living
about the year 870. with the connection to Juhel Bérenger
being an apparent error made by later copyists.
ca. 890: The Breton historian Pierre Le Baud (d. 1505), in the
second rescension of his history, mentions a [vis]count
Bérenger of Rennes in relation to events taking place
supposedly about 890. "[... mais après] s'assemblèrent partie
desdits Bretons sous le viscomte Bérenger de Rennes [, fils du
comte Salomon neveu & filleul du roy Salomon dessus nomme,
fils de sa soeur & de Moderand comte de Rennes. Lequel
Berenger & Allain comte de Dol qui deffendoient la région par
devers Neustrie, se joignirent ensemble] & firent bataille près le
fleuve Coynon contre une multitude desdits Normans qu'ils
occirent. Et Allain le Grand, avec l'autre partie qu'il cueillit
assailit une autre partie desdits Normans au territoire Nantois
assez près du fleuve de Loire dont il occist la pluspart et les
autres s'enfuirent; & ainsi chassèrent les Bretons lesdits
Normands de leur région." [Le Baud 3: 204; de la Borderie
(1890), 585, quotes another edition of Le Baud, Hist. de Bret.,
p. 127, with only "..." for the part in brackets (plus calling
Bérenger "comte" instead of viscomte" and a few other
relatively minor differences); (Translation: "...but afterward part
of the said Bretons gathered under [vis]count Bérenger of
Rennes, son of count Salomon, nephew and godson of king
Salomon named above, son of his sister and of Moderand,
count of Rennes. That Bérenger and Alain, count of Dol, who
defended the region near Neustria, joined together and made
battle near the Coynon river against a multitude of the said
Normans, whom they killed. And Alain le Grand, with another
part which he gathered, attacked another part of the said
Normans in Nantois territory rather close to the river Loire, of
whom he killed the greates part, and the others fled, and thus
the Bretons chased the said Normans from the region.")]. As
indicated in more detail on the page of count Bérenger [of
Maine?], there is no good reason to accept this late source, nor
is there any reason to give Breton connections to the ninth
century count Bérenger.
922×3: Guillotel would push back the first appearance of
Bérenger, alleged father of Juhel, to the year 922×923, based
on Translatio sancti Maglorii [edited by Merlet (1895), 243-8],
which [p. 248] states that a count Berengarius asked the king
of France (named as Robert "fili[us] ducis" in some
manuscripts) to restore the body of St. Magloire to the church
of Saint-Magloire in Léhon. This is in turn based on a
fragmentary history of France from the twelfth century [Ex alio
fragmento historiæ Francæ, RHF 10:214], which had used a
now lost account of the monastery of Saint-Magloire as a
source [see Merlet (1895), 238-241], and which, although it did
not explicitly name the king of France, implied that the king
intended was Robert II. Although the interpretation involving
Robert II also has its problems (see below), it seems clear that
Guillotel's alternate interpretation naming Robert I is incorrect,
since Robert I ruled before the body of St. Magloire was
translated from Léhon to Paris.
931: Pierre Le Baud, in the second rescension of his history
[Le Baud 207-8], places "Juhael le comte de Rennes fils de
Berenger" in events leading to the death of the Norse leader
"Flestan", who is evidently the Felecan of Flodoard's annals in
the year 931, placing the events in that year. No contemporary
source connects Juhel Bérenger to this event.
before 933: Dudo, in his history of the Normans, states that
counts Bérenger and Alain, along with other Breton leaders,
submitted themselves to William Longsword, leader of the
Vikings at Rouen, during the lifetime of William's father Rollo (d.
928×933) [Dudo iii, 38 (p. 60)], Dudo is not a reliable source for
this period, and there is no good reason to believe that the
Vikings of Rouen held sway over Brittany at such an early
period. It appears that here, as elsewhere in his work (e.g., the
other two citations from Dudo given below), Dudo is
embellishing the power of the early Norman leaders, by making
it appear that the Vikings of Rouen were in control of other
groups of Normans who were probably still independent of
Rouen at that time. The names of the Breton leaders were
possibly taken by Dudo from Flodoard's annals for 944.
933×940: Dudo states that the Breton leaders revolted against
William Longsword, with Bérenger asking for and receiving
mercy, and Alain being driven out of Brittany, taking refuge with
Æthelstan (d. 940), king of England [Dudo iii, 41 (p. 63)].
939: According to the second rescension of Le Baud [Le Baud,
3: 208], the count of Rennes (not named in the passage, but
evidently intended to be the Juhael Berenger mentioned
earlier) participated in a battle on 1 August against the
Normans, assisted by count Alain of Nantes and count Hugues
of Maine.
ca. 943: Dudo lists Bérenger and Alain among those who
submitted to Richard I after the murder of William [Dudo iv, 69
(p. 99)].
944: Flodoard states that the Bretons were plagued by
dissentions among their leaders Bérenger and Alan during the
Norman invasions [Flodoard, Annales, s.a. 944, 94; van Houts
(2000): 48-9 (English translation)]. This is the earliest clearly
contemporary reference to Bérenger.
ca. 950?: Count Iudhæel was a witness to an undated charter
of Alain Barbetorte, probably not long before Alain's death in
952, signing immediately after Alain. The charter was confirmed
after Alain's death by counts Thibaut [of Blois/Chartres] and
Foulques [of Anjou]. ["Hi sunt testes qui audierunt et videunt
hæc omnia: Alan dux, Iudhæel comes, Iuthoen archiepiscopus,
Hedrenn episcopus, Blenliuett episcopus, Houuel comes,
Vuerec, Nuuenoæ, Saluator episcopus, Iestin vicecomes, Diles
vicecomes, Pritient, Uuethenoc, Amalgod, Amhedr,
Chenmarchoc, Nut, Huon, Moysen, et alii plurimi fideles, ..."
Cart. Landevenec 156-8]
950's?: Count Judhael confirmed a donation of a descendant of
the royal line named Moysen ("stemate regalium ortus, nomine
Moysen") to the abbey of Landevenec, around the same time
as the previous charter (judging from the witnesses which the
two charters have in common), but perhaps after the death of
Alain Barbetorte (since he does not appear as a witness).
[Cart. Landevenec 164: "Hoc peractum est coram multis
testibus in Namnetica civitate, sicut supra diximus, Deo
opitulante, eodemque Judhael affirmante. N. signum Numinoæ
comitis. Signum Hedren episcopi. Signum Jestin vicecomitis.
Signum Filii. Signum Uuethenoc. Signum Rotberth. Signum
Clemens."]
ca. 953?: Not long after Alain Barbetorte's death, count Thibaut
le Tricheur of Blois and Chartres and count Foulques le Bon of
Anjou (who had married Alain's widow, Thibaut's sister) divided
Brittany into spheres of influence, with Thibaut taking the area
ruled by count [Juhel] Bérenger of Rennes and archbishop
Wicohen of Dol [Chr. Nantes 107-108, naming the count as
Berangarius, Juhael Berengarii (sic), or Juhael Bérenger in
various witnesses to the chronicle: "... Namque Theobaldus,
comes Blesensis, Fulconi, comiti Andegavensi, tradens
sororem suam, relictam Alani Barbetortae ducis, in uxorem, ei
dimisit, quandiu Drogo infans, nepos ejus, adultus esset,
mediatatem urbis Namneticae et territorii ejus et telonei et
omnium consuetudinum, unde teleoneum exigi poterat, ac
etaim totius Britanniae mediatatem; et residuam partem
Britanniae, quam Juhael Berengarii comes et Wicohenus
archiepiscopus Dolensis, de illo receperunt, in sua potestate
retinuit. Et de expletis, quae inde habuit, Carnoti turrem et
Blesii et Caimonis perfecit." (Translation: "For Theobald, count
of Blois, giving his sister, the widow of duke Alan Barbetorte, in
marriage to Fulco, count of Anjou, allowed to him, until the
infant Dorgo, his nephew, should become an adult, half of the
city of Nantes and territories and port tribute and all customs,
whence he would be able to exact tribute, and half of all
Brittany; and the remaining part of Brittany, which count Juhael
Berengar and archbishop Wicohen of Dol had received from
the former, he retained in his own power. And he built the
castles of Chartres, Blois, and Chinon from the revenue which
he had from this."]
958: Count Berengerius was present at an assembly of bishops
and lords at Anjou in September 958, which included Thibaut,
Foulques, and some of the same Breton leaders who had
witnessed the two earlier charters [Morice (1742) 1:346-7: "In
quo conensu factores extiterunt clarissimi Britonum Antistites
videicet Namnetensium Hesdren nomine, item venerabilis
Vicecomes Gestinus cum aliis innumeris ejusdem nobilibus,
quorum nomina subter assignata videntur. S. Theobaldi
Comitis. S. Fulconis Comitis qui hanc concriptionem fieri
rogaverunt. S. Hesdreni Episcopi. S. Salomonis episcopi, S.
Gestini Vicecomitis. S. Berengerii Comitis, S. Nemenoci Comitis.
S. Hoiellaguni Comitis. Daniel, David & aliorum."].
960: Death of Juhael Beranger/Berengier, count of Rennes,
and succession of his son Conan, according to first redaction
of Le Baud [3: 159]. This is obviously false, since Conan's
father was still living during the time of Pope John XIII (965-972).
960's?: According to the late Chronicle of Saint Brieuc, count
Bérenger came under the domination of archbishop Wicohen of
Dol, and Bérenger's son Conan released his father and mother
from the hands of the archbishop [Chronicon Briocense, Morice
(1742), 1:33: "Guerech vero ab hac luce mortuo, idem
Conanus Berengarii Comes Rhedonensis possessionem totius
regni Lethaviæ seu Armoricani adeptus est, & illud in sua
gubernatione & sasina, quandiu vixit, tenuit. Hic vero Conanus
primo patrem suum & matrem cum exigua familiola eorum à
mensa & tutela Wicoheni Dolensis Archiepiscopi retraxit.
Deinde patrimonia eorum & sua sibi viriliter vindicans, &
eundem Archiepiscopum ad sedem propriam remisit."
(Translation: "With Guerech having died from this life, the same
Conan, [son] of Bérenger, acquired possession of the whole
kingdom of Brittany or Armorica, and held it in his own
government and possession so long as he lived. Indeed, this
Conan withdrew his father and mother with their small little
family [household?] from the table and keeping of Wicohen,
archbishop of Dol. Then, he manfully laid claim to their and his
patrimony for himself, and sent the archbishop back to his own
place.") This translation assumes that the word "filius" was
accidently dropped between "Conanus" (nominative) and
"Berengarii" (genetive), since we already have other sources
making Conan the son of a Bérenger, and inserting the word
"filius" there is the easiest way to make sense of the sentence.
However, see below for the alternate interpretation as a
"surname" for Conan.]. Merlet, in his introduction to the
Chronicle of Nantes, dates this event to about 965 [Chr.
Nantes, xliv]. If the report is accurate, it almost certainly took
place well before Guerech's death in the late 980's. It probably
belongs to a time when both Bérenger and his son Conan were
regarded as Breton leaders, as in the next item.
965×972: A papal letter of Pope John XIII (965-972), perhaps
about 970, names two of the Breton leaders as "Berengarius"
and his son "Conatus" [PL 135, 990; the other two named are
Hoel and his brother Guerech "... maxime nobiliores,
nominatum Berengarius, et filius suus Conatus et Hoel cum
fratre suo Guerech, cum ceteris majoribus, ..."].
The identification of Juhel Bérenger
The three references above to a count Bérenger which are
clearly contemporary, i.e., those of 944, 958, and 965×972,
present a consistent picture of a Breton count Bérenger, the
latest of which identifies him as the father of Conan. This
parentage is independently verified by an eleventh century
Angevin collection of genealogies [Poupardin (1900)], which
make Conanus a son of Beringerius. From about the same
time, an account of the life and translation of St. Gildas written
in the middle of the eleventh century tells us that Conan's
father was a count of Rennes named Juchael, also known as
Berengar, thus giving early confirmation of the use of two
different names by this count [Lot (1907), 462: "Eo tempore
erat Comes in Redonensi civitate Juchael, qui et Berengarius
dicebatur. Hic habuit filium nomine Conanum, illustrem et
bellicosum virum, ex quo ortus est Gaufredus, vir et ipse in
armis strenuus, qui totius Britanniae Monarchiam tenuit." (see
also RHF 10:377) Translation: "At that time the count in the city
of Rennes was Juchael, who was also called Berengar. He had
a son, Conan by name, an illustrious and bellicose man, from
whom was born Gaufred, a man also himself vigorous in arms,
who held the monarchy of all Brittany."]. In addition, there are
the numerous sources which give the name of Conan's father
as Juhel Bérenger or, less often, Judicaël Bérenger [e.g., Cart.
Morbihan 110; Chronicum S. Michaelis, RHF 10:175;
Chronicum Kemperlegiensi RHF 10:294; Chron. Nantes 113].
When Pierre Le Baud wrote the first redaction of his history
about 1480, "Juhael Beranger" ("... noble juvenceau comte de
Rennes appellé Juhael & seurnommé Beranger ..." at his first
mention [Le Baud 3: 149]) is considered as a single person,
with no indication of parentage, and no indication of an earlier
count Bérenger. By the time of his second redaction, this count
is called Juhael son of Berenger [Le Baud 207-10, but called
Juhael Berenger on pp. 208, 210], with this previous count
Berenger given as a contemporary of Alain le Grand. This
seems to be the first appearance of a ninth century Breton
count named Bérenger. The elaborate theory in which
Bérenger was a surname used by counts Juhel, Conan, and
Geoffrey was developed by de la Borderie and Merlet [de la
Borderie (1891); Merlet (1895)], and is discussed below.
A completely different scenario is offered in various recent
works by Hubert Guillotel, who has made the count Bérenger
who appears in contemporary records in 944 and 958 into a
distinct invidual from the count Bérenger of the papal letter of
965×972, the latter of whom is identified as Juhel, son of
Bérenger, and father of Conan. Guillotel identifies the count
Judhae:l who appears in the two Landevenec charter
mentioned above as Juhel, witnessing charters during the
lifetime of his father [Guillotel (1979), 75-6]. Bérenger is
decribed by Guillotel as probably springing from the
Carolingian aristocracy [Guillotel (1979), 65], or more
cautiously as a man of unknown heritage whose name allows
that possibility [Guillotel (1980)]. The reasons for this
interpretation are not explicitly spelled out, but are perhaps
based at least partly on chronological considerations, since
Guillotel would have Bérenger appearing as count of Rennes
as early as 923 (see above).
While the case for a ninth century Breton count named
Bérenger (or for Breton connections of a known ninth century
Frankish count of that name) is weak, that matter is more
suitably discussed on the page for the Frankish count
Bérenger. More important for the immediate purpose is the
question of whether or not the references to a count Bérenger
in 944, 958, and 965×972 refer to the same man. The perfectly
plausible length of the active period suggested by these
contemporary records would not be seriously compromised if
some of the earlier appearances of Bérenger already
mentioned above are correct, since Bérenger's son Conan and
Conan's son Geoffroy both had short reigns, and the 923
appearance suggested as possible by Guillotel is open to
serious question. The eleventh century statement of Gildae
Vita et Translatio, mentioning a count of Rennes named
Juchael, also called Bérenger [Lot (1907), 462], fits quite well
with the contemporary evidence, in which the count is referred
to by the Frankish name of Bérenger in non-Breton sources,
and as Judhaël (i.e., Juhel) in two native charters from
Landevenec. These two charters, almost certainly both
between 944 and 958, are both signed in the prominent
position in which Bérenger would have been expected to sign.
There is even an obvious conjecture for the reason for a
double name, for this count must have grown up during a
period when many Breton leaders were in exile from Brittany, a
setting where a Frankish pseudonym might have proved useful.
In contrast, the theory of Guillotel, which claims two successive
tenth century counts respectively named Bérenger and Juhel,
requires that the count Bérenger of the papal letter of 965×972
(which identifies Conan as his son) be identified with Juhel,
while the earlier references refer to a count Bérenger who was
the father of Juhel. While it is not clear why the count Bérenger
of 958 is to be regarded as the same as the Bérenger
appearing 14 years earlier, but different from a Bérenger
appearing 14 or fewer years later, the problems with this
interpretation go beyond this lack of a good explanation. While
the supposed appearance of Juhel as a witness in charters
during his father's lifetime, appearing prominently with the title
of count, could probably be explained away, as could the
appearance of count Juhel under the name Bérenger in the
papal letter, that is hardly satisfactory in the absence of direct
supporting evidence for the scenario, especially when simply
accepting the tenth and eleventh century evidence as it stands
provides us with a much simpler solution. In addition, there is
the question of why the existence of a Juhel son of Bérenger
(as opposed to Juhel alias Bérenger) should even be accepted
in the first place. There appears to be no early sources
supporting the existence of a Juhel son of Bérenger. When a
Juhel son of Bérenger finally does appear in Le Baud's second
redaction about 1500, this Juhel appears in 931 and is made to
be the son of a ninth century Bérenger, and this is how Merlet
had it in 1925 [Merlet (1925), prominently cited as a source by
Guillotel], with still further distortion required to get Guillotel's
scenario. Given the late appearance of this interpretation, the
simplest explanation is that an alias has been misinterpreted as
a patronymic.
Given that the tenth and eleventh century evidence strongly
supports the scenario in which there is a single count Juhel
alias Bérenger during this period, there does not appear to be
any good reason to doubt that the appearances in 944, 958,
and 965×972 of a count Bérenger all refer to the same man,
the father of Conan I.
On the supposed use of the name Bérenger as a "surname" by
Conan and Geoffroy
Although the appearance of Juhel Bérenger under the double
name is quite common in the later records, it has been argued
that his son Conan and grandson Geoffroy also used the name
Bérenger as a sort of surname [de la Borderie (1891), 114-5],
and de la Borderie has been followed in this by others [e.g.,
Merlet (1895), 270; Halphen (1906), 51; Merlet (1925);
Bachrach (1985), 11; Bachrach (1994), 14]. Two pieces of
evidence are advanced by de la Borderie in his claim about
Conan and Geoffroy. First, the Chronicle of Saint-Brieuc, on a
single occasion, refers to Conan as "Conanus Berengarii
comes Rhedonensis". However, it is in the very next sentence
where we have the statement that Conan retrieved his father
and mother (neither named in this sentence) from the hands of
archbiship Wicohen of Dol [Chronicon Briocense, in Morice
(1742) 1:33 (quoted above)]. Thus, it is very likely that the word
"filius" is missing here, and that "Conanus [filius] Berengarii
comes Rhedonensis" is what was intended, i.e., stating that
Conan was a son of Bérenger, as he is called elsewhere. The
other piece of evidence given by de la Borderie for this
hypothesis was the statement that a count Bérenger had
requested the return of the body of St. Magloire from a king
who was evidently Robert II (but see above for Guillotel's theory
that it was Robert I). Since Juhel Bérenger and Robert II were
not contemporaries, this statement was interpreted by de la
Borderie as referring to Juhel Bérenger's grandson Geoffroy I
of Brittany, using an alternate name. This is not very plausible,
given that Translatio sancti Maglorii as we now have it is a late
source which is only indirectly based on the original version (as
mentioned above), and some sort of error in the story as we
now have it is more likely. Perhaps the story is a careless
conflation of the removal of St. Magloire's body to Paris (which
did occur during Juhel Bérenger's time) and its later return
under Robert II. Given that these two weak pieces of evidence
were the only pieces of evidence offered by de la Borderie, the
use of the name Bérenger as a surname for Conan and
Geoffroy must be regarded as doubtful. [Note that the
statement of Merlet (1895), 270 n. 1, claiming that Geoffroy
was called "Gaufridus Berengarii" by the Chronicle of Saint-
Brieuc is an evident error, confusing the reference of "Conanus
Berengarii" mentioned above.]
The origin of Juhel Bérenger
Prossible father: Pascweten, fl. 895×903, son of Alain le Grand.
The evidence for this is an eleventh century collection of
Angevin genealogies which includes genealogies of dynasties
related to the Angevins, including the rulers of Brittany
[Poupardin (1900), 206]. The Breton table makes Conanus
(obviously the ruler who died in 992) a son of Beringerius, who
is made a son of Pascuithen, in turn a son of Alanus "major"
(Alain le Grand). A separate genealogy shows Conan's wife
Ermengarda as a daughter of count Gosfridus (i.e., count
Geoffroy Grisegonelle of Anjou). Although the Breton table has
a few claims (such as the parentage of Beringerius) which are
not confirmed by other evidence, the only part of that chart that
can be shown incorrect from other good evidence involves
some errors in the children and grandchildren of Alain
Barbetorte, in a branch descended from a daughter of Alain le
Grand. The chart correctly makes Alain le Grand a brother of
the Breton ruler (the elder) Pascweten (which is verified by
contemporary annals), and the existence of Alain le Grand's
son (the younger) Pascweten is confirmed by charter evidence.
The chart is evidently the only primary source which provides a
name for the father of the elder Pascweten and Alain
(Ridoredh, a perfectly good Breton name), and appears to be
the only known source making the elder Pascweten legitimate
and his brother Alain a bastard. Such details, many confirmed
by other evidence, along with the fact that the only errors in the
chart appear on a branch more distantly related to the
Angevins, suggest that the table, which was composed only
about a century after Juhel Bérenger, should be accepted on
this point. Merlet (1925), 549-550 tries to dismiss the account
as a fabrication, but grossly misrepresents the statement of the
chart ("Suivant une généalogie, composée à Angers vers
l'année 1070, Bérenger aurait été fils de Pascweten et petit-fils
par les femmes du roi de Bretagne Salomon.", citing Poupardin,
where "Bérenger" is not Juhel Bérenger, who has not yet been
mentioned, but a ninth century count Bérenger), which does
not state any relationships for Salomon (he is on the chart, but
without any lines indicating relations). In addition, his claim of
deliberate fabrication to connect with the old rulers of Brittany
overlooks that this is an Angevin document, and that the
Angevins would have had no clear motive to glorify the
ancestry of a competing dynasty. One cautious note which
should be observed is that the two sons of Alanus major named
in the Angevin source are Wareth and Pacuithen, and it the
same two sons (Vuereche, Pascuiten) who are known from a
charter from the cathedral at Angers [Cart. Angers, 29-32].
Supposed father: A man named Bérenger (variously identified)
Le Baud [204, 210-1] states that a certain Moderand, count of
Rennes (otherwise unknown, possibly a corruption of the ninth
century Breton ruler Gurvand) had, by a sister [p. 204] or
daughter [p. 210] of king Salomon, a son Salomon, count of
Rennes (otherwise unknown), father of Bérenger, count of
Rennes, father of Juhael, count of Rennes, father of Conan,
claiming that the last three are mentioned by the author of the
"Hoistoire de la translation sainct Gildas", evidently referring to
Vita S. Gildæ Abbatis Ruyensis, which makes Juhel and
Bérenger the same person, as already mentioned. Given the
lack of any early evidence making Juhel a son of Bérenger,
there is no good reason to treat this late statement as anything
other than a confusion.
The other reason for accepting a Bérenger somewhere in Juhel
Bérenger's family background (but not necessarily as his
father) would be the obvious onomastic argument: Bérenger is
a Frankish name which stands out among the typically Breton
names used by most of the Breton nobility at that time.
However, it should be noted that Juhel Bérenger first appears
(as Bérenger) in the contemporary records at a time soon after
a period when most of the Breton nobility had been forced into
exile, so that it is difficult to narrow down the list of families with
which Juhel Bérenger might have been connected.
Falsely attributed father (chronologically unlikely):
Bérenger, fl. 892×5, count [of Maine?].
Although possible as a maternal ancestor (see below), the
claim of Merlet (1925) that Juhel Bérenger was probably a son
of the ninth century Frankish count stretches the chonology to
unlikely lengths. Merlet's reconstruction is based mainly on the
unsupported statements of Le Baud that Juhel was the son of a
contemporary of Alain le Grand named Bérenger (of dubious
historicity), added to Merlet's identification of Le Baud's
Bérenger with a known Frankish count of that name (and with
the Bérenger who is given by Dudo as the father-in-law of Rollo
of Normandy). See the page of count Bérenger for more details.
Falsely attributed father (did not exist as a separate individual
from Juhel Bérenger):
Bérenger, supposedly fl. 822×3-858, count of Rennes.
[Guillotel (1984), 393-4]
As has already been discussed in detail above, no clear
evidence has been advanced for separating Juhel Bérenger
into a father Bérenger and a son Juhel.
Falsely attributed father (chronologically improbable):
Judicaël, d. 1 August×8 November 888, join ruler of Brittany,
877-888.
For the chronology of Judicaël, who was a maternal grandson
of the Breton ruler Erispoë, see de la Borderie (1864), 400ff.
Both Lobineau (1707) and Morice (1750), in the genealogical
tables introducing the first volumes of their respective works,
make Juhel Bérenger a son of Judicaël (with Lobineau adding
grandson as an alternative), who ruled Brittany jointly (or in
contention) with Alain le Grand after the deaths of the joint
rulers Pascweten (Alain's brother) and Gurvant. This
chronologically improbable claim has not been backed up by
any reasonable evidence, although the existence of Judicaël's
maternal uncle Conan (son of Erispoë), along with the alternate
name "Judicaël Bérenger" given in some sources, provides an
onomastic reason for the desire to link Juhel Bérenger with
Judicaël.
Suggested maternal ancestor (evidence weak):
Bérenger, fl. 892×5, count [of Maine?].
[Guillotel (1984), 393-5, following similar arguments of Merlet
(1925)] The suggestion is based mainly on the obvious
onomastic argument, on the assumption that Dudo is correct in
making William Longsword's mother Poppa a daughter of the
ninth century Bérenger, and on Dudo's statements about
William treating Bérenger more favorably than Alain Barbetorte,
with Guillotel adding the complication which splits Juhel
Bérenger into two individuals. While Juhel Bérenger's name
itself suggests the possibily of relationship to an earlier
Bérenger, there does not seem to be any convincing reason
why it must be this particular Bérenger (see his page for more).
Note that the above hypothesis that Juhel Bérenger was a
probably son of Pascweten (fl. 895×903) is not necessarily
incompatible with the suggestion that count Bérenger (fl.
892×5) was a maternal ancestor of Juhel Bérenger
Supposed wife (probably falsely attributed): Gerberge, sister of
a certain countess Hildegarde.
This Hildegarde was evidently wife of a viscount of
Châteaudun, and Gerberge was married first, to a certain
Bérenger, and second, to Gilduin de Saumur [Lobineau (1707)
1:91, citing a charter in the 25th year of king Lothair].
Hildegarde and Gerberge are mentioned in several modern
studies [e.g., Keats-Rohan (1997), Saint-Phalle (2000),
Settipani (1997), Settipani (2000)], none of which attempt to
identify Gerberge's first husband with Juhel Bérenger. In the
absence of any clear evidence identifying her first husband with
Juhel Bérenger of Rennes, the supposed link should be set
aside as improbable.
Supposed son (probably falsely attributed): Main I, lord of
Fougères.
It is sometimes stated that Main, ancestor of the house of
Fougères, was a younger son of Juhel Bérenger [See, e.g.,
Latrie (1889), 1605]. However, there does not seem to be any
early authority for this statement, which is likely to be a later
invention designed to give illustrious ancestry to the lords of
Fougères. Also worth noting is that a charter at Mont-Saint-
Michel by Conan I (990) refers to a certain Main as nephew of
"archbishop" Main, immediately after referring to unnamed
brothers and sisters [Lobineau (1707) 2:94-5; Morice (1742) 1:
350]. If, as seems likely, this is Main de Fougères, it would be
unusual to refer to hin as nepos archiepiscopi if he were really
a brother of Conan.
Supposed brother (probably falsely attributed): Wicohen, fl.
middle of 10th century, bishop or archbishop of Dol.
In the tables appearing at the front of his history of Brittany,
Morice makes (arch)bishop Wicohen (already mentioned
above) a son of Judicaël and brother of Juhel Bérenger [Morice
(1750), 1: xvij]. As mentioned above, the area of Brittany
dominated by Wicohen fell under the sway of count Thibaut of
Chartres shortly after the death of Alain Barbetorte. This was
apparently sufficient for Lobineau to state (without any
qualifying words) that Wicohen was a close relative of Bérenger
[Lobineau (1707) 1: 81], which Morice then expanded to close
relative or brother [Morice (1750) 1: 62]. There does not
appear to be any reasonable justification for this statement,
which appears to be no more than a conjecture. An obscure
individual, Wicohen is said to have been the father of Gautier I,
bishop of Nantes about the year 960 [Chr. Nantes 104; Gall.
Christ. 14: 808]. For the suggestion that archbishop Iuthoen, a
witness to the charter (ca. 950) of Alain Barbetorte already
mentioned above, was in fact an error for Wicohen, due to
careless copying of the name (e.g., "uic" might easily be
miscopied as "iut"), and for a similar conjecture regarding the
name of Gisloen, a Breton bishop found as a witness to
charters in 967 and 969, see the account of Wicohen in Gallia
Christiana [14: 1044; these identifications have been followed
in Guillotel (1979), without mentioning the spelling differences].
Bibliography
Bachrach (1985) = B. Bachrach, "Geoffrey Greymantle, count of the Angevins, 960-987: a study in
French politics", Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History 17 (n.s. 7, 1985): 3-65.
Bachrach (1993) = B. Bachrach, Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040 (University of
California Press, 1993).
Le Baud = Charles de la Lande de Calan, ed., Cronicques & Ystoires des Bretons par Pierre le
Baud, 4 vols. (Société des Bibliophiles Bretons et de l'Histoire de Bretagne, Rennes, 1910- 2).
This was taken from Le Baud's previously unpublished first redaction (1480), with selections from
the second redaction given in volume 3, pages 172-213. Pierre Le Baud died on 19 September
1505. [Note: I now have access to the entire second redaction, published in Paris in 1638, but I
have not yet updated the bibliographic citations to include this version.]
de la Borderie (1864, 1890) = Arthur de la Borderie, "Examen chronologique des chartes du
cartulaire de Redon antérieur du XIe siècle", Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes 25 (1864): 259-
282, 393-434 [reprinted in Annales de Bretagne 5 (1889-90): 535-630]. Page numbers given are
from the latter work.
de la Borderie (1891) = Arthur de la Borderie, Miracles de S. Magloire et fondation du monastère de
Lehon (Rennes, 1891).
Byrne (1976) = Francis John Byrne (and Theodor Schieffer, German version), "Die keltischen
Völker (5.-11. Jahrhundert)", in Theodor Schieder, ed., Handbuch der europäischen Geschichte 1
(Stuttgart, 1976): 448-493.
Cart. Landevenec = Arthur de la Borderie, ed., Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Landevenec (Rennes,
1888).
Cart. S.-Georges de Rennes = Paul de la Bigne Villeneuve, Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint
Georges de Rennes, Bulletin et Mémoires de la Société Archéologique du département d'Ille-et-
Villaine 9 (1875):127-312, 10 (1876), 1-327.
Cart. Angers = C. Urseau, Cartulaire Noir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (Paris & Angers, 1908).
Cart. Morbihan = Louis Rosenzweig, Cartulaire General du Morbihan (Vannes, 1895).
Cart. Redon = M. Aurélien de Courson, Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Redon (Collection de documents
inédites sur l'histoire de France, Paris, 1863).
Cart. S.-Père de Chartres = M Guérard, Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Saint-Père de Chartres, 2 vols.
(Paris, 1840).
Chr. Nantes = René Merlet, ed., La Chronique de Nantes (Paris, 1895). [Pages numbers alone are
citations to the text, page numbers with footnotes indicate comments by Merlet.]
Dudo = Eric Christiansen, ed. & trans., Dudo of St. Quentin, History of the Normans (The Boydell
Press, Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1998). Citation is by book and chapter of Dudo's work, with the page
number in parentheses.
Flodoard, Annales = Ph. Lauer, ed., Les Annales de Flodoard (Paris, 1905) [also van Houts (2000),
42-51 (English translation of excerpts relating to the Normans)].
Gall. Christ. = Gallia Christiana.
Guillotel (1979) = Hubert Guillotel, "Le premier siècle du pouvoir ducal breton (936-1040)", in Actes
du 103e Congrès National des Sociétés Savantes, Nancy-Metz, 1978, Section de philologie et
d'histoire jusqu'à 1610 (Paris, 1979), 62-84.
Guillotel (1980) = Hubert Guillotel, article on "Berengar, Gf. v. Rennes", in Lexicon des Mittelalters.
Guillotel (1982) = Hubert Guillotel, article on "Bretagne" (Hochmittelalter), in Lexicon des
Mittelalters.
Guillotel (1984) = André Chédeville & Hubert Guillotel, La Bretagne des saints et des rois Ve-Xe
siècle (Rennes, 1984). (All pages cited on this webpage are from the part of the book by Guillotel.)
Guillotel (2000) = Hubert Guillotel, "Une autre marche de Neustrie", in Keats-Rohan & Settipani,
eds., Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval (Oxford, 2000).
Halphen (1906) = Louis Halphen, Le comté d'Anjou au XIe siècle (1906).
Keats-Rohan (1997) = K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, "'Un vassal sans histoire'?: Count Hugh II (c. 940/955
- 992) and the origins of Angevin overlordship in Maine", in K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, ed., Family Trees
and the Roots of Politics (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1997): 189-210.
Latrie (1889) = L. de Mas Latrie, Trésor de Chronologie
d'Histoire et de Geographie (Paris, 1889). Lobineau (1707) = Gui Alexis Lobineau, Histoire de
Bretagne, 2 vols., (Paris, 1707).
Lot (1907) = Ferdinand Lot, Mélanges d'histoire bretonne (VIe- XIe) siècle) (Paris, 1907).
Merlet (1895) = René Merlet, "Les origines du monastère de Saint-Magloire de Paris", Bibliothèque
de l'École des Chartes 56 (1895):237-273.
Merlet (1925) = René Merlet, "La Famille des Bérenger comtes de Rennes et ducs de Bretagne", in
Mélanges d'histoire du Moyen Age offerts à M. Ferdinand Lot par ses amis et ses élèves (Paris,
1925), 549-561.
Moriarty = George Andrews Moriarty, The Plantagenet Ancestry, MS (available on film number
441438 at the Family History Library). These notes of the author were not intended for publication,
but are often cited as if they were.
Morice (1742) = Hyacinthe Morice, Memoires pour servir de preuves à l'histoire ecclésiastique et
civile de Bretagne, 3 vols. (Paris, 1742).
Morice (1750) = Dom Hyacinthe Morice, Histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Bretagne, 3 vols, (Paris,
1750).
PL = P. Migne, Patrologiae Cursus Completus, series Latina, 221 vols. (Paris, 1844-1859).
Poupardin (1900) = René Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe siècle", Mélanges
d'Archéologie et d'Histoire (Paris, Rome) 20 (1900):199-208. RHF = Recueil des historiens des
Gaules et de la France.
Saint-Phalle (2000) = Edouard de Saint-Phalle, "Les comtes de Gâtinais aux Xe et XIe siècles", in
Keats-Rohan & Settipani, eds., Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval (Oxford, 2000),
230-246.
Settipani (1997) = Christian Settipani, "Les comtes d'Anjou et leur alliances aux Xe et XIe siècles",
in K. S. B. Keats-Rohan, ed., Family Trees and the Roots of Politics (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1997):
211-267.
Settipani (2000) = Christian Settipani, "Les vicomtes de Châteaudun et leur alliés", in Keats-Rohan
& Settipani, eds., Onomastique et Parenté dans l'Occident médiéval (Oxford, 2000), 247-261. van
Houts (2000) = Elisabeth van Houts, ed. & trans., The Normans in Europe (Manchester & New
York, 2000) [gives English translations of many of the primary sources relevant to early Norman
history] Vita Gildae = "Gidae Vita et Translatio", in Lot (1907), 433-473. For extracts from the
relevant part of the same work (as "Vita S. Gildæ Abbatis Ruyensis"), see RHF 10:377-8. Winkhaus
(1950 = Eberhard Winkhaus, Ahnen zu Karl dem Grossen und Widukind (Ennepetal-Altenvoerde
(Westfalen), 1950). Compiled by Stewart Baldwin
This page is based on several discussions involving Juhel Bérenger and his family which
appeared in the internet newsgroup soc.genealogy.medieval in 2004 and 2005. In
particular, I would like to thank Todd Farmerie and Peter Stewart for their comments in those
discussions, and James Hansen, FASG, for providing me with copies of some of the articles cited."
Juhel Berenger, count of Rennes:
http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/juhel000.htm
Compiled by Stewart Baldwin Uploaded 17 December 2005. updated Sunday,
August 03, 2008 6:37:32 PM
Sunday, August 16, 2009
35
"Alain I "le Grand"
Count of Vannes, 876×7-907. Duke (sometimes called King) of Brittany, 888-907. In 876 or 877
(more likely the latter year), the joint Breton rulers Pascweten and Gurvand died, and were
succeeded by Alain I, brother of Pascweten, and Judicaël, maternal grandson of the previous ruler
Erispoë [Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 874, 109-110 (Regino's chronology is inaccurate)]. Between 1
August 888, when Alain was only count of Vannes ("comes Warochiae provinciae"), and 8
November 888, when he was called "Alan, omni Britannice presidens regioni", Alain became the
ruler of Brittany, evidently on the death of his co-ruler Judicaël [for the chronology of Alain's reign,
see Borderie (1890), 577-588]. He appears to have been succeeded as count of Vannes by his
son Rudalt, while a certain Gurmhailon was recognized (at least nominally) as the ruler of
Brittany. Date of Death: 907. Le Baud gives the date as 907, citing unspecified annals ["... 907
auquel an il mourut, selon aucuns Annaux" Le Baud (2nd redaction), 128]
Contemporary sources only narrow the date down to 906×8 [see Borderie (1890), 587]. Place of
Death: Unknown. Father: Ridoredh. The name of Alain's father is given only by an eleventh century
Angevin document [Poupardin (1900), 206],which states that he was illegitimate son of an
otherwise unidentified Ridoredh, and brother of Pascweten.
The fact that Alain was a brother of Pascweten is confirmed by contemporary sources ["Alanus
frater memorati Pasquitani" Regino, Chronicon, s.a. 874, 110; Cart. Redon, 186]. Mother:
Unknown. Spouse: Orgain. [Cart. Angers, 32 ("Orgaim"); Chr. Nantes, 68 ("Droguen"), 75
("Ohurguen")] Children: by Orgain: Orgain's status as the mother of the following four sons
appears to be confirmed by the charter quoted in the Chronicle of Nantes [Chr. Nantes, 74-7].
Rudalt, count of Vannes 909×913 Guérech 888×903
Pascweten 895×903. [Cart. Redon, 216, 376-7; Chr. Nantes, 74-7; Cart. Angers, 29-32; Poupardin
(1900), 306] Budic. Commentary
Most of the information on the sons of Alain le Grand comes from various charters:
888: The cartulary of Redon records that Alain gave two [villages] to abbot Fulcher on 8 November
888, for the health of his son Gueroc (Querac), who was then gravely ill [Cart. Redon, 373-5: "...
filius ejus Querac graviter egrotare cepisset. ..."; Borderie (1897-8), 605-6].
895: In a charter of duke Alain dated 15 January 895, Alain is followed as a witness by his son
Uueroc and by two others (Paxuuetan, Budic) known to be his sons from other charters mentioned
below. [Cart. Redon, 216: "Bili, episcopus, testis; Alan, dux, testis; filius ejus Uueroc, testis
Paxuuetan, testis; Budic, testis; Salomon, filius Euuen, ..."; Borderie (1897-8), 439]
ca. 900?: An undated charter of Alain (probably ca. 900) quoted in the Chronicle of Nantes
mentions his wife Ohurguen and their children ("... conjugis nostrae Ohurguen ac etiam communis
prolis ...") and is signed by Rodald, Guerech, Pascitan, and Budic. [Chr. Nantes, 74-77:"... nos, pro
aeternae nostrae remunerationis mercede, pariterque conjugis nostrae Ohurguen ac etiam
communis prolis ..." ..."Signum piisimi ac misericardissimi Britinum regis, Alani, qui hujus
eleemosinae auctoritatem fieri et a affirmare rogavit. Sigmum Rodaldi. Signum Guerech. Signum
Pascuitani. Signum Budici."]
903: In the cartulary of Redon, a charter dated 14 September of an uncertain year was confirmed
on 28 August 903 by Alain and his sons Pascuuethan, Dergen, and Budic. [Cart. Redon, 376-7: "...
Alanus, princeps, qui affirmavit; Pascuuethan et Dergen et Budic, filii ejus ..."; Borderie (1897-8),
607] probably 903: In the cartulary of the cathedral at Angers, there is a charter of Alain, king of
Brittany, dated 26 November of an unstated year which must be 897 or later (because of the
presence of Foucher, bishop of Nantes), but probably in 903, in which he granted the abbey of
Saint Serge d'Angers to Rainon, bishop of Angers, and his successors. Witnesses included
Alain's wife Orgaim and his sons Vuereche and Pascuiten. [Cart. Angers 29-32: "... Signum Alani
glorissimi regis ... S. Orgaim, uxoris suae. S. Bili, episcopi. S. Fulcherii, episcopi. S. Vuereche, filii
Alani. S. Pascuiten, fratris sui. ..."]
Bibliography
Borderie (1864, 1890) = Arthur de la Borderie, "Examen chronologique des chartes du cartulaire de
Redon antérieur du XIe siècle", Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes 25 (1864): 259-282, 393-434
[reprinted in Annales de Bretagne 5 (1889-90): 535-630]. Page numbers given are from the latter
work.
Borderie (1897-8) = "La chronologie du Cartulaire de Redon", Annales de
Bretagne 13 (1897-8): 11-42, 263-279, 430-458, 590-.611.
Cart. Angers = C. Urseau, Cartulaire Noir de la Cathédrale d'Angers (Paris & Angers, 1908).
Cart. Redon = M. Aurélien de Courson, Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Redon (Collection de documents
inédites sur l'histoire de France, Paris, 1863).
Chédeville & Guillotel (1984) = André Chédeville & Hubert Guillotel, La Bretagne des saints et des
rois Ve-Xe siècle (Rennes, 1984).
Chr. Nantes = René Merlet, ed., La Chronique de Nantes (Paris, 1895). [Page numbers alone are
citations to the text, page numbers with fotnotes indicate comments by Merlet.]
Guillotel (1984) = Chédeville & Guillotel (1984).
Le Baud (1st redaction) = Pierre le Baud, Chronicques & Ystoires des Bretons (Charles de la
Lande de Calan, ed.), 4 vols. (Société des Bibliophiles Bretons, 1910). This edition contains le
Baud's first redaction (ca. 1480) in its entirety, with extracts from the second redaction (ca. 1500)
which differ significantly from the first.
Le Baud (2nd redaction) = NN, sieur d'Hozier, ed., Histoire de Bretagne, avec les les chroniqves
des maisons de Vitré et de Laval, par Pierre Le Bavd, chantre et chanoine (Paris, 1638). This was
taken from the second redaction of Pierre Le Baud's history of Brittany, which was finished not long
before his death on 19 September 1505.
Lobineau (1707) = Gui Alexis Lobineau, Histoire de Bretagne, 2 vols., (Paris, 1707). Poupardin
(1900)a = René Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe siècle", Mélanges d'Archéologie et
d'Histoire (Paris, Rome) 20 (1900): 199-208. Regino, Chronicon = Friedrich Kurze, ed., Reginonis
abbatis Prumiensis Chronicon cum continuatione Treverensi (MGH SRG, Hannover, 1890)'
Alain I le Grand:
http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/alain000.htm
Compiled by Stewart Baldwin Uploaded 17 December 2005. updated Monday, July
28, 2008
Sunday, August 16, 2009
36
"Ridoredh
Breton noble, Ninth century.
The fact that the Breton rulers Pascweten and Alain le Grand were brothers is confirmed by
contemporary sources [e.g., Regino, MGH SS 1: 587]. The only source to give the name of the
father of Pascweten and Alain is an eleventh century Angevin collection of genealogies, which
gives Ridoredh as the name of the father of Pascuithen (legitimate) and Alanus maior (bastard)
[Poupardin (1900), 206, who, however, does not show the lines indicating Ridoredh as the father of
Pascweten and Alain, which are quite clear in the manuscript itself]. Nothing further is known of
Ridoredh. Although some ninth century Breton charters have very obscure men of this name (or
minor variants) as witnesses, none can be confidently identified with the father of Pascweten and
Alain. Although it is virtually certain that the father of Pascweten and Alain was a
member of the Breton aristocracy, there is no apparent justification for assigning any specific title
to Ridoredh, as is done by some modern secondary sources [e.g., Winkhaus (1950)]. Bibliography
Cart. Redon = M. Aurélien de Courson, Cartulaire de l'Abbaye de Redon (Collection de documents
inédites sur l'histoire de France, Paris, 1863). de la Borderie (1864, 1890) = Arthur de la Borderie,
"Examen chronologique des chartes du cartulaire de Redon antérieur du XIe siècle", Bibliothèque
de l'École des Chartes 25 (1964): 259- 282, 393-434 [reprinted in Annales de Bretagne 5 (1889-
90): 535-630]. Page numbers given are from the latter work. MGH SS = Monumenta Germaniae
Historica, Scriptores series. Poupardin (1900) = René Poupardin, "Généalogies angevines du XIe
siècle", Mélanges d'Archéologie et d'Histoire (Paris,
Rome) 20 (1900):199-208. I would like to thank James Hansen, FASG, for providing me with a copy
of this article, and Nathaniel Taylor for providing a copy of the manuscript page itself (Bib. Apost.
Vat., Reg. Lat. 1285, f. 65v). Winkhaus (1950) = Eberhard Winkhaus, Ahnen zu Karl dem Grossen
und Widukind (Ennepetal-Altenvoerde (Westfalen), 1950)"
Ridoredh:
http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/ridor000.htm
Compiled by Stewart Baldwin Uploaded 17 December 2005. updated Tuesday,
August 05, 2008 7:21:07 PM
Sunday, August 16, 2009
"Line of Brittany/Bretagne
(1) Ridoredh associated with a concubine and sired son Alain.
(2) Alain I, "le Grande", Count of Brittany, died 907. Son of Ridoredh and an unknown woman.
Married Oreguen and had son Paskwitan.
(3) Paskwitan II, Count of Brittany and Rennes, died 904. Son of Alain and Oregeun. Married an
unknown woman and had son Juhael. (4) Juhael Berenger, son of Paskwitan and an unknown
woman. Married Gerberge and had son Conan.
(5) Conan I, "the crooked", Count of Brittany, born about 960. Son of Juhael Berenger and
Gerberge. Married Ermengarde D'Anjou and had daughter Judith and son Geoffroi.
(6) Duke Geoffroi de Bretagne, born 972, died November 20th, 1008. Son of Conan I and
Ermengarde. Married Havoise de Normandy (died February 21st, 1032) and had son Eudes.
(7) Eudes Pentheivre de Bretagne, born 999, died January 7th, 1078. Son of Geoffroi and Havoise.
Married Agnes de Cornouaille and had son Bardolf.
(8) Bardolf de Bretagne, born 1052 in Brittany, France. Son of Eudes and Agnes. Associated with
an unknown woman and sired son Akaris.
(9) Akaris Fitz-Bardolf, born 1090. Presumably illegitimate son of Bardolf de Bretagne and an
unknown woman. Associated with an unknown woman and sired son Hervey.
(10) Hervey Fitz-Akaris, born 1129. Presumably illegitimate son of Akaris and an unknown woman.
Associated with an unknown woman and sired son Henry.
(11) Henry Fitz-Hervey, born 1167, died 1212. Presumably illegitimate son of Hervey and an
unknown woman. Married Alice Fitz-Walter "
"Fitz" was an apellation often denoting illegitimacy in the Middle Ages. Alternatively, it could simply
mean "son of".
LineofBrittany:
http://www.geocities.com/ChisholmFamilyTree/LineofBrittany.html
Monday, August 17, 2009
"Neither New Forest nor Arkengarthdale is mentioned in the Domesday Survey, but before 1171
Conan Earl of Richmond granted the forestry of these places to Hervey, (fn. 15) ancestor of the Fitz
Hughs. (fn. 16) Hervey's descendant Henry son of Ranulf was summoned in 1241 to show by what
warrant he claimed to hold the forestership of New Forest and Hope in the 'Forest of Richmond'
and to have herbage and dead wood. He made default, (fn. 17) and seems to have lost his right.
From this time the
lords of Richmond appointed their own officers in both forests (fn. 18) until the forest passed, like
the manor, to the Middleham fee."
Parishes - Arkengarthdale | British History Online:
William Page (editor)
http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=64713
Tuesday, August 18, 2009
"A framed pastel by an unknown artist was said to be of the children of the Fitzhugh family.
According to information supplied with the work, it descended through the family of Colonel William
Fitzhugh (1651-1704). The Fitzhugh family lived in Maryland and Virginia and once owned the
famous property named Shangri-La by Franklin Roosevelt and now known as Camp David. The
pastel, thought by surviving family members to depict the colonel's children, sold for $7168"
"Ravensworth Castle, Yorkshire
Also known as, or recorded in historical documents as; Ravenswathe; Kirkby Ravensworth;
Ravenswath In the civil parish of Ravensworth. In the historic county of Yorkshire North Riding
(Modern Authority of North Yorkshire, 1974 county of North Yorkshire) Ruined castle and park wall.
Late C14. For Henry, Lord Fitzhugh. Walls of sandstone
rubble, mainly faced with square-cut ashlar. 3-storey tower attached to main gateway in north-east
corner; foundations of curtain wall with fragments of 2 towers to south-west and south-east; part of
belfry tower, formerly attached to chapel; central rectangular range of less architectural pretension,
probably stables. Gateway: depressed
continuously-moulded 2-centred-arched opening, of 2 orders, the outer one chamfered, the inner
one convex, with hoodmould with small head stops, and on the inside a portcullis slot. Attached to
the north-east, a 3-storey ashlar tower, with offset plinths, and double buttress to northern corner;
on the north-western side, on each floor a cruciform loophole; on the north- eastern side a single-
light window on each floor and an incomplete garderobe tower to the eastern corner; on the south-
eastern side, shouldered doorways with convex chamfer on ground floor to left and first floor to
right, the latter formerly with an external staircase; to its left a trefoiled single- light window to
straight-flight mural staircase leading to second floor, which has a window of 2 trefoiled lights
under monolithic lintel; turret to right above staircase up to roof walk. Belfry: ashlar; parts of 2 walls
standing almost to full height of a very tall and narrow tower, with a Latin inscription below the
second-floor string course, and with a very tall chamfered segmental-pointed arched doorway to
north. The stable block has a complete 2-storey gable to north west, with a central doorway. The
Park Wall, constructed around the medieval hunting park by licence in 1391, survives almost intact,
partly rebuilt but in many stretches clearly surviving in medieval form, of tapering section,
constructed of large roughly-squared stones, standing approximately 2 metres high. Interior of gate
tower: on ground floor, across the northern corner, the remains of a fireplace; on first floor, a
chamfered shouldered fireplace in the north- western side; on second floor, across the northern
corner a fireplace, the lintel on corbels framing a coat of arms; the beam slots for the first and
second floors run in opposite directions; first-floor doorway into room from outside staircase has
rebate for door to open into. The Castle and outlying earthworks are scheduled as an Ancient
Monument. (Images of England) Significant parts of the standing remains, including the gate tower
are now at risk. Condition: Poor (Heritage at Risk 2008)"
The Gatehouse website record for Ravensworth
Castle, Yorkshire:
Monday, June 15, 2009 Philip Davis
http://homepage.mac.com/philipdavis/English%
20sites/2140.html
Sunday, August 16, 2009
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